The calculus of war: Tallying Ukraine toll an elusive task


              FILE Unidentified graves of civilians and Ukrainian soldiers are marked with a cross in a cemetery in the recently liberated town of Izium, Ukraine, Thursday, Sept. 15, 2022. Quantifying the toll of Russia’s war in Ukraine remains an elusive goal a year into the conflict. Estimates of the casualties, refugees and economic fallout from the war produce an complete picture of the deaths and suffering. Precise figures may never emerge for some of the categories international organizations are attempting to track. (AP Photo/Evgeniy Maloletka, File)
            
              FILE - A Ukrainian soldier reacts as he receives an injection during an evacuation of injured soldiers participating in the counteroffensive, in a region near the retaken village of Shchurove, Ukraine, Sunday, Sept. 25, 2022.  Quantifying the toll of Russia’s war in Ukraine remains an elusive goal a year into the conflict. Estimates of the casualties, refugees and economic fallout from the war produce an complete picture of the deaths and suffering. Precise figures may never emerge for some of the categories international organizations are attempting to track. (AP Photo/Leo Correa, File)
            
              FILE - A destroyed tank is seen after battles between Ukrainian and Russian forces on a main road near Brovary, north of Kyiv, Ukraine, Thursday, March 10, 2022.  Quantifying the toll of Russia’s war in Ukraine remains an elusive goal a year into the conflict. Estimates of the casualties, refugees and economic fallout from the war produce an complete picture of the deaths and suffering. Precise figures may never emerge for some of the categories international organizations are attempting to track. (AP Photo/Felipe Dana, File)
            
              FILE - An injured woman reacts after Russian shelling, in Kyiv, Ukraine, Monday, Oct. 10, 2022. Quantifying the toll of Russia’s war in Ukraine remains an elusive goal a year into the conflict. Estimates of the casualties, refugees and economic fallout from the war produce an complete picture of the deaths and suffering. Precise figures may never emerge for some of the categories international organizations are attempting to track. (AP Photo/Efrem Lukatsky, File)
            
              FILE - Ukrainian soldiers hold their national flag over the coffin of comrade Dmytro Kyrychenko, during his funeral in Bucha, outskirts of Kyiv, Ukraine, Friday, Dec. 23, 2022. Quantifying the toll of Russia’s war in Ukraine remains an elusive goal a year into the conflict. Estimates of the casualties, refugees and economic fallout from the war produce an complete picture of the deaths and suffering. Precise figures may never emerge for some of the categories international organizations are attempting to track. (AP Photo/Felipe Dana, File)
            
              FILE - A tail of a multiple rocket sticks out of the ground near the recently recaptured village of Zakitne, Ukraine, Wednesday, Nov. 9, 2022. Quantifying the toll of Russia’s war in Ukraine remains an elusive goal a year into the conflict. Estimates of the casualties, refugees and economic fallout from the war produce an complete picture of the deaths and suffering. Precise figures may never emerge for some of the categories international organizations are attempting to track. (AP Photo/Andriy Andriyenko, File)
            
              FILE - Ukrainian children play at an abandoned checkpoint in Kherson, southern Ukraine, Wednesday, Nov. 23, 2022. Quantifying the toll of Russia’s war in Ukraine remains an elusive goal a year into the conflict. Estimates of the casualties, refugees and economic fallout from the war produce an complete picture of the deaths and suffering. Precise figures may never emerge for some of the categories international organizations are attempting to track. (AP Photo/Bernat Armangue, FIle)
            
              FILE - A Russian soldier killed during combats against Ukrainian army lies on a corn field in Sytnyaky, on the outskirts of Kyiv, Ukraine, Sunday, March 27, 2022. Quantifying the toll of Russia’s war in Ukraine remains an elusive goal a year into the conflict. Estimates of the casualties, refugees and economic fallout from the war produce an complete picture of the deaths and suffering. Precise figures may never emerge for some of the categories international organizations are attempting to track. (AP Photo/Rodrigo Abd, File)
            
              FILE - People who fled the war in Ukraine rest inside an indoor sports stadium being used as a refugee center, in the village of Medyka, a border crossing between Poland and Ukraine, on Tuesday, March 15, 2022. Quantifying the toll of Russia’s war in Ukraine remains an elusive goal a year into the conflict. Estimates of the casualties, refugees and economic fallout from the war produce an complete picture of the deaths and suffering. Precise figures may never emerge for some of the categories international organizations are attempting to track. (AP Photo/Petros Giannakouris, File)
            
              FILE A child is carried on a stroller across an improvised path while fleeing Irpin, on the outskirts of Kyiv, Ukraine, Wednesday, March 9, 2022.  Quantifying the toll of Russia’s war in Ukraine remains an elusive goal a year into the conflict. Estimates of the casualties, refugees and economic fallout from the war produce an complete picture of the deaths and suffering. Precise figures may never emerge for some of the categories international organizations are attempting to track. (AP Photo/Felipe Dana, FIle)
            
              FILE - A man and child on a bicycle come across the body of a civilian lying on a street in the formerly Russian-occupied Kyiv suburb of Bucha, Ukraine, Saturday, April 2, 2022. Quantifying the toll of Russia’s war in Ukraine remains an elusive goal a year into the conflict. Estimates of the casualties, refugees and economic fallout from the war produce an complete picture of the deaths and suffering. Precise figures may never emerge for some of the categories international organizations are attempting to track. (AP Photo/Vadim Ghirda, File)
            
              FILE - Internally displaced people from Mariupol and nearby towns arrive at a refugee center fleeing from the Russian attacks, in Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine, Thursday, April 21, Quantifying the toll of Russia’s war in Ukraine remains an elusive goal a year into the conflict. Estimates of the casualties, refugees and economic fallout from the war produce an complete picture of the deaths and suffering. Precise figures may never emerge for some of the categories international organizations are attempting to track. (AP Photo/Leo Correa, File)
            
              FILE - A man stands atop a destroyed bridge in Irpin, on the outskirts of Kyiv, Ukraine, Tuesday, March 8, 2022.  Quantifying the toll of Russia’s war in Ukraine remains an elusive goal a year into the conflict. Estimates of the casualties, refugees and economic fallout from the war produce an complete picture of the deaths and suffering. Precise figures may never emerge for some of the categories international organizations are attempting to track. (AP Photo/Felipe Dana, File)
            
              FILE - Internally displaced people look out from a bus at a refugee center in Zaporizhia, Ukraine, Friday, March 25, 2022. Quantifying the toll of Russia’s war in Ukraine remains an elusive goal a year into the conflict. Estimates of the casualties, refugees and economic fallout from the war produce an complete picture of the deaths and suffering. Precise figures may never emerge for some of the categories international organizations are attempting to track.  (AP Photo/Evgeniy Maloletka, File)
            FILE - Ukrainian soldiers prepare a U.S.-supplied M777 howitzer to fire at Russian positions in Kherson region, Ukraine, Jan. 9, 2023. Quantifying the toll of Russia's war in Ukraine remains an elusive goal a year into the conflict. Estimates of the casualties, refugees and economic fallout from the war produce an complete picture of the deaths and suffering. Precise figures may never emerge for some of the categories international organizations are attempting to track.  (AP Photo/Libkos, File)
The calculus of war: Tallying Ukraine toll an elusive task